Imagination VS Knowlegde

Imagination is more important than knowledge.
Knowledge is limited. imagination encircles the world
(Albert Enstien )

Wednesday, January 12, 2011

Present Perfect












The Present Perfect is used to express actions that happened at an indefinite time or that began in the past and continue in the present. This tense is also used when an activity has an effect on the present moment.



Use

  1. Actions which happened at an indefinite (unknown) time before now
  2. Actions in the past which have an effect on the present moment
  3. Actions which began in the past and continue in the present

 

USE 1: Indefinite (unknown) time before now


Use the Present Perfect to talk about actions that happened at some point in the past. It does not matter when exactly they happened.

Examples:

  • have already had a breakfast.
  • He has been to England.
You should not use this tense with time expressions like "yesterday", "a week ago", "last year", etc.

Examples:

  • I have seen it yesterday.
  • We have gone to Paris last year
USE 2: Effect on the present moment


 

We also use this tense to when an activity has an effect on the present moment.

Examples:

  • He has finished his work. (so he can now rest)
  • have already eaten the dinner. (so I'm not hungry)
  • He has had a car accident. (that's why he is in the hospital)
USE 3: Continuation in the present


 

We often use the Present Perfect when we want to emphasize that an event continues in the present.

Examples:

  • Mary has worked as a teacher for over 25 years.
  • Patrick has achieved a lot in his life.




    Prepared by:
    Miss Ai_0952112

Present Simple Tense

The Present Simple is the most basic and common tense in the English language. It is also an interesting tense because it can express both the present and the future.

Use

  1. Facts and generalization
  2. Habits and routines
  3. Permanent situations
  4. State verbs (e.g. be, have, think, know)
  5. Fixed / official arrangement that we can't change
  6. Narrations (e.g. telling a story or a joke)


     

USE 1: Facts and Generalizations


 

The first and most important use of the Present Simple is to talk about things we believe are (or are not) true. It's also used to generalize about somebody or something. 

Examples:

  • It is a big house.
  • He talks a lot.
  • Berlin is the capital city of Germany.
  • Buenos Aires is a large city.
  • The Elephant doesn't fly.
  • Dogs don't smoke cigarettes.
  • A dog is not large than an elephant
  • London is the capital city of France. (Remember: the sentence doesn't have to be true)


 

Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous

The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. Another use of the tense is to talk about what we are planning to do. There are also other uses, listed below.

Use

  1. Present actions
  2. Temporary actions
  3. Longer actions in progress
  4. Future (personal) arrangements and plans
  5. Irritation over something or somebody in the present


 

USE 1: Present Actions


 

Use the Present Continuous tense to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking. 

Examples:

  • He is eating a dinner.
  • Mary is talking with her friend.
  • They are swimming.


 

USE 2: Temporary Actions


 

This tense is also used for activities continuing for only a limited period of time. 

Examples
:

  • I'm riding a bike to get to work because my car is broken. (It will soon be repaired)
  • They are not talking with each other after the last argument. (They will soon make up)



USE 3: Longer Actions in Progress


 

We also use the Present Continuous when we are in a middle of doing something time-consuming (i.e. something that takes time to complete). An example of such an activity is writing a book, saving money or studying for an exam. 

Examples:

  • They are working hard to earn money.
  • am training to become a professional footballer.
  • Mike is studying hard to become a doctor.
  • Elizabeth is currently writing a children's book titled I am the World.

Prepositions Of Time- At, In,On


We use:

  • at for a PRECISE TIME







  • in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
  • on for DAYS and DATES



at
in
on
PRECISE TIMEMONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODSDAYS and DATES
at 3 o'clockin Mayon Sunday
at 10.30amin summeron Tuesdays
at noonin the summeron 6 March
at dinnertimein 1990on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtimein the 1990son Christmas Day
at sunrisein the next centuryon Independence Day
at sunsetin the Ice Ageon my birthday
at the momentin the past/futureon New Year's Eve
Look at these examples:

  • I have a meeting at 9am.
  • The shop closes at midnight.
  • Jane went home at lunchtime.
  • In England, it often snows in December.
  • Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
  • There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
  • Do you work on Mondays?
  • Her birthday is on 20 November.
  • Where will you be on New Year's Day?

 

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:

Expression
Example
at nightThe stars shine at night.
at the weekendI don't usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/EasterI stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same timeWe finished the test at the same time.
at presentHe's not home at present. Try later.

 

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:

inon
in the morningon Tuesday morning
in the morningson Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s)on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s)on Monday evening

 

When we say last, next, every, this we DO NOT use at, in, on.

  • I went to London last June. (not in last June)
  • He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
  • I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
  • We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

 

Tuesday, January 11, 2011

Prepositions of Place: at, in, on

In general, we use:

  • at for a POINT
  • in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
  • on for a SURFACE

at

in

on

POINT

ENCLOSED SPACE

SURFACE

at the corner 

in the garden 

on the wall 

at the bus stop 

in London 

on the ceiling

at the door 

in France 

on the door 

at the top of the page 

in a box 

on the cover 

at the end of the road 

in my pocket 

on the floor 

at the entrance 

in my wallet 

on the carpet 

at the crossroads 

in a building 

on the menu 

at the front desk 

in a car 

on a page

Look at these examples:

  • Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
  • The shop is at the end of the street.
  • My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
  • When will you arrive at the office?
  • Do you work in an office?
  • I have a meeting in New York.
  • Do you live in Japan?
  • Jupiter is in the Solar System.
  • The author's name is on the cover of the book.
  • There are no prices on this menu.
  • You are standing on my foot.
  • There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
  • I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.

Notice the use of the prepositions of place atin and on in these standard expressions:

at

in

on

at home 

in a car 

on a bus 

at work 

in a taxi 

on a train 

at school 

in a helicopter 

on a plane 

at university 

in a boat 

on a ship

at college 

in a lift (elevator) 

on a bicycle, on a motorbike 

at the top 

in the newspaper 

on a horse, on an elephant 

at the bottom 

in the sky 

on the radio, on television 

at the side 

in a row 

on the left, on the right 

at reception 

in Oxford Street 

on the way

WH Question 


We use question to ask certain types of questions (question word questions)

We often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters WH (for example Why, How).

Question WordFunctionExample
whatasking for information about somethingWhat is your name?
asking for repetition or confirmationWhat? I can't hear you.
You did what?
what...forasking for a reason, asking whyWhat did you do that for?
whenasking about timeWhen did he leave?
whereasking in or at what place or positionWhere do they live?
whichasking about choiceWhich colour do you want?
whoasking what or which person or people (subject)Who opened the door?
whomasking what or which person or people (object)Whom did you see?
whoseasking about ownershipWhose are these keys?
Whose turn is it?
whyasking for reason, asking what...forWhy do you say that?
why don'tmaking a suggestionWhy don't I help you?
howasking about mannerHow does this work?
asking about condition or qualityHow was your exam?
how + adj/advasking about extent or degreesee examples below
how fardistanceHow far is Pattaya from Bangkok?
how longlength (time or space)How long will it take?
how manyquantity (countable)How many cars are there?
how muchquantity (uncountable)How much money do you have?
how oldageHow old are you?
how come (informal)asking for reason, asking whyHow come I can't see her?

EXAMPLE:

                                        Teacher:  What is this?
                                         Students: It is an apple teacher....!
                                         Teacher: Clever! well done children!



Prepared by:
Miss Adi_0952094